

Need to know & preparation
Frequently Asked Questions
FAQs / News
Frequently asked questions
What are some other good facts to know about Ireland before visiting?
Population
The Republic of Ireland has about 5.4 million people, and Northern Ireland (part of the U.K.) has about 1.9 million people. That brings the total population of the island of Ireland to roughly 7.3 million (2024 estimates).
Government
In 1922, Ireland gained independence from Great Britain as the Irish Free State. A new Constitution was adopted in 1937, and in 1949 the state was officially declared a republic. Today, Ireland has a parliamentary system: the Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister) is the head of government, and the President of Ireland serves as head of state.
Dublin
Dublin began as a Viking settlement around the 9th century A.D. Today it is the capital of the Republic of Ireland and the most populous city on the island, with over 1.5 million people in the wider Dublin area. Its official name in Irish is Baile Átha Cliath (“town of the hurdled ford”). The English name “Dublin” comes from Dubh-linn, meaning “black pool” in Irish. The city sits at the mouth of the River Liffey on Ireland’s east coast.
Provinces, Counties, and Cities
The island of Ireland is traditionally divided into four provinces: Leinster (east), Ulster (north), Connacht (west), and Munster (south). The Republic of Ireland contains 26 counties, while Northern Ireland contains 6.
The most populated cities on the island are approximately:
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Dublin – about 1.25 million (city and suburbs)
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Belfast – about 350,000
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Cork – about 220,000
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Limerick – about 100,000
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Galway – about 85,000
(Population figures are rounded from 2022–2024 census and estimate data.)
Languages
The official languages of Ireland are Irish (Gaeilge) and English. Children are taught both languages in school. The Irish name for Ireland is Éire.
Driving
Stay left! In Ireland and Northern Ireland, people drive on the left-hand side of the road, with the steering wheel on the right so the driver sits toward the middle of the road.
In the Republic of Ireland, speed limits are shown in kilometres per hour (km/h), while in Northern Ireland they are in miles per hour (mph).




News from Ireland
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